Pendulum controlled electrodynamic clockwork

ABSTRACT

The magnet of an electrodynamic clockwork is secured to a control lever connected by coupling means with a pendulum so that the magnet swings with the control lever and the pendulum to generate pulses in windings for driving the pendulum. The coupling means includes a fork embracing the pendulum and permitting the lower part of the same to assume a vertical position when the housing is displaced. Since the magnet is not carried by the pendulum, but by the control lever, the winding can be secured to the housing near the clockwork.

United States Patent 11 1 Harting Aug. 7, 1973 54] PENDULUM CONTROLLED1,884,853 10/1932 Poole 58/30 ELECTRODYNAMIC CLOCKWORK FOREIGN PATENTSOR APPLICATIONS [75] Inventor: Ernst-Heinrich Hurting, Gosheim, 540,4687/1922 France 58/30 Germany 1,285,743 1/1962 France 58/23 A 746,465 3I956 G tB 't 58 23 A [731 As'slgnee: F Uhrenfabrik, 480,225 7i1916 28/30Goshe1m/Wuertt., Germany 22 Fil d; 1 1970 Primary Examiner-Richard B.Wilkinso n Assistant Examiner-Edith C. Simmons Jackman [21] Appl. No..98,768 Att0rneyMichael S. Striker [30] Foreign Application Priority DataABSTRACT Dec 17, 1969 Germany P 19 03 25918 T magnetof an electrodynamicClockwork is Secured to a Control lever connected by coupling means witha [52] US. Cl 58/30, 310/25, 318/129 P ulum SO that the magnet swingswith the control [51] Int. Cl. G04c 3/02, H021; 33/12 lever and thependulum to generate pulses in windings [58] Field of Search 58/29-33,129, for driving the pendulum. The coupling means includes 130 R;318/127-134; 310/15, a fork embracing the pendulum and permitting the 1725 3] lower part of the same to assume a vertical position Y when thehousing is displaced. Since the magnet is not [56] References Cit dcarried by the pendulum, but by the control lever, the UNITED STATESPATENTS winding can be secured to the housing near the clock- 3,014,16812/1961 Thomam, 318/132 9/1968 Sparing 318/130 13 Claims, 7 DrawingFigures PATENIEDMJB H913 V 3.750.386

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PAIENIEU AUG 7 I975 isum 2 0F 4 PATENTEUMJE im SHEET 3 0F 4 PATENIED AUG71975 SHEET 0F 4 PENDULUM CONTROLLED ELECTRODYNAMIC CLOCKWORK BACKGROUNDOF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a pendulum controlledelectrodynamic clockwork of the type in which a gravity operatedpendulum carries a permanent mag net for generating pulses by which theswinging movement of the pendulum is started or maintained afteramplification. The clockwork is driven either directly by the swingingpendulum, or indirectly by means of a pulse controlled steppingmechanism.

In accordance with the prior art, a permanent magnet is secured tothe'lower end of the pendulum, and moves relative to windings, whichpreferably include a driving coil and an exciter coil for generatingpulses.

It is a disadvantage of the prior art that the windings have to bedisposed in the lower region of the penduhim, and consequently spaced arelative great distance from the clockwork. The necessary electricconnectio ns can be made only after the clock has been completelyassembled, which isundesirable, particularly for mass production alongan assembly line. Particularly, it is not possible to manufacture acomplete clockwork including the electric parts which could be suppliedas a unit to manufacturers who assemble the clockwork in differenthousings.

Another construction according to the prior art provides the windingsand the magnets in the upper part of the. pendulum. This constructionpermits the attach ment of the windings directly in the housing in theproximity of the clockwork. However, electrodynamic' clockworks of thistype are undesirably susceptible to be influenced by tilting of thehousing. If the housing and clockwork are tilted even a small angle, themagnets on the pendulum approach the windings until they touch theholder of the windings which causes stopping of the pendulum andclockwork. This could be prevented by selecting a very large air gapbetween the swinging magnet and the windings, but this measure resultsin very low efficiency. Therefore, it is necessary to correct thevertical position ofa clock of this type after the same has beenattached to the wall, and this is accomplished by adjusting screwsmounted on the rear wall of the housing and engaging the wall on whichthe housing is supported. Such adjustment operations must be carried outafter the clock has been sold, and are not always successfully carriedout by unskilled persons.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is one object of the invention to overcomethe disadvantages of electrodynamic clockworks, and to provide anelectrodynamic clockwork in which the mechanicalparts and the electricparts can be completely assembled duringmanufacture, and require nolater adjustment when hungon a wall.

Another object of the invention is to provide an electrodynamicclockwork which can be-operated in angularly displaced positions of itshousing.

Another object of the invention is to maintain a constant distancebetween swinging magnet means and windings excited by the same,irrespective of the angular position of mounting means for the pendulumof the clockwork.

With these objects in view, and in accordance with the presentinvention, the magnet means, preferably permanent magnets, are notdirectly secured to the pendulum, but to a shorter control lever whichis connected with the pendulum by acoupling which permits movement ofthe pendulum in a direction perpendicular to the direction of theswinging movement of the pendulum and of the control lever.

The control lever is mounted for turning movement about an axis which iscoaxial, or at least parallel, to the axis of the pendulum. Preferably,the windings include a driving coil and a concentric exciter coil whichare directly secured to the housing of the'clockwork at the level of thepermanent magnet.

In a manner known per se, the drive coil and the exciter coil can bewound as flat discs, and in order to obtain a strong driving force, itis preferred to arrange the driving coil in a position directlyconfronting the permanent magnet on the control lever. The thickness ofthe driving coil should be as low as possible, so that the exciter coilbehind the same, which has a greater number of windings, is passed bythe greatest possible number of lines of force of the flux of the magnetwhich passes the windings during its swinging movement with the controllever, and pendulum.

An embodiment of the invention comprises first and second mounting meanson housing means; a pendulum including an upper part mounted on thefirst mounting means for swinging movement about the first axis, a lowerpart, and joint means connectingthe lower part with the upper part forangular movement about a second axis transverse to the first axis;control lever means, mounted on the second mounting means for angularmovement about a third axis substantially coextensive with'the firstaxis, and being shorter than the pendulum; coupling means connecting thecontrol lever means with the lower part of the pendulum for swingingmovement with the pendulum, and for angular movement of the lower partabout the second axis relative to the control lever means and into avertical plane, due to a displacement .of the housing means with thefirst and second mounting means, control lever means, and-the upper partof the pendulum; magnet means secured to the control lever means forswinging movement with the same along a path; and winding means directlysecured to the housing means spaced from the path so that the magnetmeans pass the winding means at a constant distance during swingingmovement of the control lever means irrespective of angular movements ofthe lower part of the pendulum relative to the control lever means aboutthe second axis into a vertical plane.

The lower part of the pendulum projects downward out of the housingmeans, while the lower end of the control lever means is located in thehousing means. The magnet means is located in the housing means securedto the lower end of the control lever means. The coupling meanspreferably includes a fork forming part of the control lever means, andhaving a slot in which the lower part of the pendulum is located. Theprinciple of the invention permits different arrangements of the drivingand exciter coils. In one embodiment of the invention, the coils aredisposed on one side of thepermanent magnet means, and can be connectedwithout difficulty with the clockwork. However, it is also possible, tomount the magnet means on the control lever means in a position in whichthe magnet'means are located above thewindings.

In a further embodiment, two permanent magnets are used, which form anair gap between each other in which the windings are located so that themagnets swing on opposite sides of the coils.

All embodiments of the invention permit an angular displacement of thehousing, within a limited range, in a direction perpendicular to theplane in which the pendulum swings, without causing an engagement of themagnets with the windings or the holders of the same, and also withoutreducing the efficiency of the apparatus. A small gap can always bemaintained between the magnets and the windings, so that high efficiencyof the arrangement is assured.

However, it is required that the control lever is mounted practicallywithout play, and that the coupling means has narrow tolerances topermit no relative movement between the pendulum and the control leverduring swinging movement together. Preferably, axial play of themounting means of the control lever is eliminated by a spring whichpresses in axial direction against the control lever in the proximity ofthe mounting means of the same, or against its supporting shaft. Oneembodiment of the invention which operates at very low friction andpractically without play, is obtained by a journal formed by a tensionedsteel wire.

As noted above, it is the main purpose of the invention to provide anarrangement in which the clockwork and its electric drive means areassembled together.' In the least expensive embodiment of the invention,the windings are secured to the housing on one side of the permanentmagnet on the control lever, remote from the pendulum.

In another embodiment of the invention, the windings are combined withthe electronic circuit by mounting the same on the rear face of acircuit plate, for example by adhesive attachment. In this arrangement,the electronic circuit can be finished and tested before the finalassembly, whereupon it is secured to the housing, for example in an openrecess whose shape matches the outline of the windings. In this manner,errors in the electric connections and at the soldering points can bepractically avoided since the assembly of the mechanical part, and theassembly of the electric and electronic parts are independent of eachother. It is possible to establish the necessary connections in themanner of a printed circuit.

In another arrangement of the invention, the electric connection betweenthe electronic circuit and a source of voltage, for example a drybattery, is obtained by conductor bars which are directly embedded inthe housing, or secured in the interior of the housing, and whose endsabut corresponding contact faces of the battery and of the electriccircuit. if the housing consists of a synthetic plastic material, it isnot necessary to insulate the conductor bars, and no soldering isrequired during the final assembly.

It is preferred to mount two permanent magnets of opposite polarity onthe control lever, in which event at least a portion of the'controllever adjacent the magnet preferably consists of a magnetizable softiron through which the magnetic flux can close. The distance of themagnets in the direction of the swinging motion preferably correspondsto the distance of the two winding portions from each other so thatduring passage of the pendulum through the neutral position, a mainpulse is generated which consists oftwo additive control pulses.Preferably, the coils are arranged and dimensioned that one of the twomagnets just moves away from the coil surface, when the pendulum arrivesat the end of the supplementary are. One pole of the magnet may cover inthis end position a leg of a winding. This arrangement has the advantagethat the amplitude of the pulses generated in one or the other permanentmagnet, respectively, is so low that the respective pulses aresuppressed, and do not have the effect of control pulses. Only when themagnet passes through the neutral position, the speed of the magnet andpendulum is so great that the two pulses generated by induction in thetwo coil legs together result in an effective control pulse. Insuccessive passages of the magnet through the neutral position,controlled pulses of alternating polarity are generated. Generally, onlypulses having the same polarity are used, but when suitable circuits areused, it is possible to use pulses of opposite polarity for producingdriving pulses. Preferably, lack of precision which may be caused by aslanted suspension of the clockwork, is compensated by driving pulseswhich are generated asymmetrically to the neutral position. Such acompensation cannot be obtained for the secondary pulses so that thesuppression of the same is particularly important for electrodynarnicpendulum clockworks having permanent magnets.

The novel features which are considered as characteristic for theinventionare set forth in particular in the appended claims. Theinvention itself, however, both as to its construction and its method ofoperation, together with additional objects and advantages thereof, willbe best understood from the following description of specificembodiments when read in connection with the accompanying drawing.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a vertical sectional viewillustrating a first embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 2 is a vertical sectional view illustrating a second embodiment ofthe invention;

FIG. 3 is a vertical sectional view illustrating a third embodiment ofthe invention;

FIG. 4 is a fragmentary side view, partially in section, illustrating onan enlarged scale, the mounting means of the control lever used in theembodiment of FIG. 1;

FIG. 5 is a fragmentary side view, partially in section, illustratingmounting means for the control lever in accordance with a modificationof the invention;

FIG. 6 is a fragmentary perspective view illustrating parts of theembodiment of FIG. I on an enlarged scale; and

FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating an electronic circuit used in thepresent invention.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Referring first to theembodiment illustrated in FIGS. 1, 4 and 6, a housing 1 is closed on theright side by cover 2. Within the housing, a pendulum 3 has an upperportion 7 clamping a-pair of leaf springs 4 whose upper end are clampedbetween plates 30 which are secured to a holder 28 secured by transversepin 29.

Holder 28 is secured to a partitioning wall 5 of housing 1. Parts 5, 28,30, and 4 are mounting means for supporting a pendulum 3 for swingingmovement about an axis defined by leaf springs 4.

A pin 6 passes through the plates 7, and supports a pair of hooks 3alocated on opposite sides of plates 7, and supporting the lower part 3bof pendulum 3 for angular movement about the horizontal axis which isperpendicular to the axis defined by the springs 4. A similar joint 60supports the weight 31 at the lower end of part 3b. Irrespective of theposition of the partitioning wall 5 and of the holder 28, the lower part3b of pendulum 3 will always tend to assume a vertical position which ispossible due to the provision of the joint 6, 3a. As shown in FIG.1,'the pendulum 3 can move angularly the angles out of a centralposition which permits tilting of the housing and of the mounting meansof the pendulum about corresponding angles, while the lower portion-3bof the pendulum 3 remains in a vertical position due to the action ofgravity.

In contrast to the prior art, thependulum 3 is not directly connectedwith the clockwork 8. A control lever 9 is, mounted at the upper endthereof for angular movement about an axis which substantially coincideswith the axis of pendulum 3 defined by springs 4. As best seen in FIGS.4 and 6, a pair of journals 10a is mounted on support walls 19 and 5 ofthe housing, and the journals are connected by shaft to which anarmature 11 is fixedly connected. Pins 21 on armature l1 cooperate witha wheel 8a of'the clockwork 8 so that swinging of control lever 9 causesmovements of the clockwork 8.

As best seen in FIG. 4, an adjusting means, shown as a leaf spring 18 issecured to wall 5 of the housing, and engages the respective journal 10ato urge shaft 10, 10a in axial direction to an end position so thatcontrol lever 9'swings exactly in one vertical plane.

A coupling means 12 is provided at the lower end of control lever 9, andis shown to be a fork 12 having a slot whose width corresponds to thethickness of the lowervpart 3b of pendulum 3 which is located in theslot. Consequently, when the pendulumswings about the axis defined bysprings 4, control lever 9 swings the same angle about the mountingmeans 10, 10a. In the event that the housing is angularly displacedtogether with the m'ounting'means 28, 30, 4, and the mounting means 10,10a, the axes of the respective mounting means are not horizontalanymore, but the lower part 3b of pendulum 3 assumes a position locatedin a vertical plane since it can turn about pin 6 under the action ofthe force of gravity, while the lower part 3b is guided in the slot ofthe fork 12 of control lever 9. The width of the slot of fork 12 isselected so that there is practically no play between the lower part 3!)and the fork l2, and control lever 9 swings in synchronism with thependulum 3, although control lever 9 may swing in a slanted plane, whilethe lower part 3b of pendulum 3 swings in a vertical plane, assumingthat the housing has been angularly displaced out of a position in whichthe axes defined by the mounting means are disposed horizontally.

The upper end of control lever 9 is secured to the 21, and abuts withits end face on a thrust bearing 23 which is inserted into a hole of theplate 19 which is secured to the housing. A spring 25 consisting of athin elastic wire is mounted on the tensioned wire 22 between plates 26and urges the same apart so that the position of sleeve 21', and therebyof control lever 9 is exactly determined, and the effect of any axialplay eliminated.

As shown in FIG. 1, and best seen in FIG. 6, two permanent magnets 13are secured to the lower end of control lever 9 spaced from each otherby a neutral zone. Magnets 13 have opposite polarity, and each of themagnets takes up one-third of the total length of the magnet means, theneutral zone extending also over one-third. The lower end of controllever 9 consists of a magnetizable soft iron, so that the flux I isclosed. The permanent magnets 13 cooperate with the driving coil 15 andthe exciter coil 14 which are wound coaxially, and arranged in aposition in which the thinner driving coil 15 is disposed adjacent thefront face of magnets 13, spaced from the same by a small gap which ismaintained constant by the action of spring 18 as described withreference to FIG. 4.

Coils 14 and 15 are mounted on the rear face of a support plate 17 whichcarries on its front face the circuit parts 16, preferably in the formofa printed circuit. As shown in FIG. 1, housing 1 has an open recesswith a shoulder against which the support plate 17 abuts so that thewindings l4 and 15 project into the proximity resistors R, and R andfour terminals a. The circuit shaft 10 by means which permit anadjustment of the I relative angular position between control lever9'and the drive member 11.

In the embodiment of FIG. 5, the mounting means for control lever 9 aremodified. A steel wire 22 passes through holes in the legs of a U-shapedmember 20, which is secured to the housing 1, and is tensioned bytensioning means 24. Wire 22 passes through a sleeve 21'. to which thedrive member 11 is secured to operate by pins 21 the wheel 8aof theclockwork 8, in the manner described with reference to FIG. 4. Bearingstones 24 and 2,7 are secured in the ends of sleeve2l Bearing stone 24projects beyond the end of the hollow sleeve unit 16, 17 is manufacturedby the Intermet'all Company, under the number TAA 780.

In the collector emitter circuit of theworking transistor T, the drivingcoil 15 is connected over the voltage U furnished by the battery B. Theexciter coil 14 is connected in the base-emitter circuit of transistorT,. The RC-circuit includes a resistor R and a capacitor C, forproducing a bias voltage. Capacitor C is provided for suppressingself-oscillation. The above components are already capable of performingthe required function. The current pulses induced by permanent magnets13 in the exciter coil 14 control transistor T, so that the driving coil15 is excited by an impulse during the passage of the magnet means 13through the neutral position, and transmits through permanent magnet 13an impulse to control lever 9.

Transistor T,, resistors R, and R,, and the diode D serve forstabilizing the voltage. Resistors. R, and R, form a voltage dividerparallel to the driving coil 15, and are connected with the base oftransistor T,. A part of the current induced in exciter coil 14 isconducted away through transistoriT,. Whenthe voltage induced in thedriving coil 15 is increased, the voltage differential at resistor R, isincreased, and thereby the basetor of transistor T serves the purpose ofpreventing faulty currents.

The embodiment of FIG. 2 differs from the embodiment of FIG. 1 by theprovision ofa transverse horizontal arm 9 on control arm 19 to which themagnets 13 are secured. The support plate 17 and the electroniccomponents 16 thereon are secured in the interior of housing 1, andcarry on the top face thereof the windings 14 and 15 so that the sameare spaced a constant distance from the curved path of'the lower face ofmagnets 13.

In the embodiment of FIG. 3, the transverse arm 9" has an end portionparallel with control lever 9, and magnets 13 are secured on oppositesides of the coils l4 and 15 which are secured to the top face of thesupportingv plate 17 which is secured to the housing and carries on thebottom face thereof, the electronic parts 16, as described withreference to FIG. 7.

In all embodiments of the invention, the relative position between theswinging electromagnets 13 and the stationary windings 14 and 15 remainsthe same, and the gap between is accurately maintained, irrespective ofwhether the housing 1 is placed in a position in which the axesofcontrol lever 9 and pendulum 3 are horizontal or not. If the housing 1is placed in a position in which the axis of pendulum 3 defined bysprings 4 is not horizontal, the joint 6 permits the lower part ofpendulum 3 to move into a vertical plane, and the position of controllever 9 and of the magnets 13 thereon is not influenced in any mannerdue to the slot in the coupling fork 12 which permits angular movementof the lower part 3b of the pendulum 3 relative to control lever 9.Since the slot in the fork 12 is narrow and has a width corresponding tothe thickness of the lower part 3b of pendulum 3, control lever 9 andpendulum 3 swing in synchronism about substantially coinciding axesdefined by shaft and springs 4, and pulses are induced by the swingingmagnets 13 in the exciter coil 14 which causes exciting of the drivingcoil 15 by transistor T so that control lever 9 receives a driving pulsewhich maintains control lever 9 and pendulum 3 in swinging motion.

It will be understood that each of the elements described above, or twoor more together, may also find a useful application in other types ofpendulum controlled electrodynamic clockworks differing from the typesdescribed above.

While the invention has been illustrated and described as embodied in anelectrodynamic clockwork in which permanent magnets are mounted on acontrol lever which is connected with a pendulum for swinging motion,but permits limited angular movement of the pendulum into a verticalplane when the housing is tilted, it is not intended to be limited tothe details shown, since various modifications and structural changesmay be made without departing in any way from the spirit of the presentinvention.

Without further analysis, the foregoing will so fully reveal the gist ofthe present invention that others can by applying current knowledgereadily adapt it for vari-' ous applications without omitting featuresthat, from the standpoint of prior art, fairly constitute essentialcharacteristics of the generic or specific aspects of this inventionand, therefore, such adaptations should and are intended to becomprehended within the meaning and range of equivalence of thefollowing claims.

What is claimed as new and desired to be protected by Letters Patent isset forth in the appended claims.

1 claim:

1. Pendulum controlled electrodynamic clockwork, comprising housingmeans; first and second mounting means on said housing means; a pendulumincluding an upper part mounted on said first mounting means forswinging movement about a first axis, a lower part, and a joint meansconnecting said lower part with said upper part for angular movementabout a second axis transverse to said first axis; control lever meansmounted on said second mounting means for angular movement about a thirdaxis substantially coextensive with said first axis, in a first planeperpendicular to said third axis, and being shorter than said pendulum;coupling means connecting said control lever means with said lower partof said pendulum for swinging movement with said'pendulum, and forangular movement of said lower part about said second axis relative tosaid control lever means into avertical plane upon a displacement ofsaid housing means with said first and second mounting means, saidcontrol lever means, and said upper part; magnet means secured to saidcontrol lever means for swinging movement with the same along a pathlocated in a second plane parallel to said firstplane; and winding meansdirectly secured to said housing means and having a surface parallel tosaid first and second planes and uniformly spaced from said path so thatsaid magnet means pass said winding means at a constant distance duringswinging movement of said control lever means irrespective of angularmovements of said lower part of said pendulum relative to said controllever means about said second axis into a vertical plane. I

2. Pendulum controlled electrodynamic clockwork comprising housingmeans; first and second mounting means on said housing means; a pendulumincluding an upper part mounted on said first mounting means forswinging movement about a first axis, a lower part, and joint meansconnecting said lower part with said upper part for angular movementabout a second axis transverse to said first axis; control lever meansmounted on said second mounting means for angular movement about a thirdaxis substantially coextensive with said first axis in a first planeperpendicular to said third axis, and being shorter than said pendulum;means for adjusting said control lever means in the direction of saidthird axis; coupling means connecting said control lever means with saidlower part of said pendulum for swinging movement with said pendulum,and for angular movement of saidlower part about said second axisrelative to said control lever means into a vertical plane upon adisplacement of said housing means with said first and second mountingmeans, said control lever means, and said upper part; magnet meanssecured to said control lever mans for swinging movement with the samealong a path located in a second plane parallel to said first plane; andwinding means directly secured to said housing means and having asurface parallel to said first and second planes and uniformly spacedfrom said path so that said magnet means pass said winding means at aconstant distance during swinging movement of said control lever meansirrespective of angular movements of said lower part of said pendulumrelative to said control lever means about said second axis into avertical plane.

3. Pendulum controlled electrodynamic clockwork, comprising housingmeans; first and second mounting means on said housing means said secondmounting means including a shaft means mounted in said housing means; apendulum including an upper part mounted on said first mounting meansfor swinging movement about a first axis, a lower part, and joint meansconnecting said lower part with said upper part for angular movementabout a second axis transverse to said first axis; control lever meansmounted on said second mounting means secured to said shaft means forangular' movement about a third axis substantially coextensive with saidfirst axis said second mounting means including a shaft means mounted insaid housing means, and being shorter than said pendulum; coupling meansconnecting said control lever means with said lower part of saidpendulum for swinging movement with said pendulum, and for angularmovement of said lower part about said second axis relative to saidcontrol lever means into a vertical plane upon a displacement of saidhousing means with said first and second mounting means, saidcontrollever means, and said upper part; spring means abutting saidshaft means for urging said shaft means in axial direction until saidshaft means abuts said housing means; magnet means secured to saidcontrol levermeans for swinging movement with the same along a pathsecured to said'shaft means; and winding means directly secured to saidhousing means spring means abutting said shaft means for urging saidshaft means in axial direction until said shaft means abuts said housingmeans; spaced from said path so that said magnet means pass said windingmeans at a constant distance during swinging movement of said controllever means irrespective of angular movements of said lower part of saidpendulum relative to saidcontrol lever means about said second axis intoa vertical plane.

4. Pendulum controlled electrodynamic clockwork,

comprising housing means; first and second mounting means on saidhousing means, said second mounting means including a tensioned wiresecured to said housing means, and a sleeve mounted on said wire forturning movement; a pendulum including an upper part mounted on saidfirst mounting means for swinging movement about a first axis, a lowerpart, and joint means connecting said lower part with said upper partfor angular movement about a second axis transverse to said first axis;control lever means mounted on said second mounting means for angularmovement about a third axis substantially coextensive with said firstaxis in a first plane perpendicular to said third axis, and beingshorter than said pendulum, said control lever means being secured tosaid sleeve; coupling means connecting said control lever means withsaid lower part of said pendulum for swinging movement with saidpendulum, and for angular movement of said lower part about said secondaxis relative to said control lever means into a vertical plane upon adisplacement of said housing means with said first and second-mountingmeans, said control lever means, and said upper part; magnet meanssecured to said control lever means for swinging movement with the samealong a path located in a second plane parallel to said first plane; andwinding' means directly secured to said housing means and having asurface parallel to said first and second planes wherein said lower partof said pendulum projects downward out of said housing means; 'whereinthe lower end of. said control lever means is located in said housingmeans; and wherein said magnet means is located in said housing meanssecured to said lower end of said control lever means.

6. Electrodynamic clockwork as claimed in claim 2 wherein said windingmeans include a thin driving coil, and a thick exciter coil coaxial andadjacent with the same; and wherein said driving coil is locatedadjacent said path of said magnet means.

7. Electrodynamic clockwork as claimed in claim 2 wherein said windingmeansare located at the same side of said magnet means; and wherein saidpendulum is located on the other side of said magnet means.

8. Electrodynamic clockwork as claimed in claim 2 wherein said controllever means includes a substantially horizontal arm; wherein said magnetmeans are secured to said arm in said housing means; and wherein saidwinding means are located under said magnet means secured to saidhousing means.

9. Electrodynamic clockwork as claimed in claim 2 wherein said magnetmeans include first and second magnets; wherein said control lever meansincludes a substantially horizontal arm supporting said first and secondmagnetsspaced from each other for movement along two spaced paths; andwherein said winding means are supported in said housing means locatedbetween said first and second magnets and passed by said first andsecond magnets on opposite sides during movement of said first andsecond magnets along said paths.

10. Electrodynamic clockwork as claimed in claim 2 wherein saidconnecting means include a fork projecting transversely from saidcontrol lever means and having a slot narrowly embracing said lower partof said pendulum means for permitting movement of said lower part tosaid vertical plane while motion is transmitted from said lower part tosaid control lever means through said fork.

ll. Electrodynamic clockwork as claimed in claim 1 wherein said housingmeans has an open recess; wherein said winding means include a supportplate secured to said recess, and'circuit means and windings mounted onsaid support plate and located in said housing means opposite said pathvof said magnet means.

12. Electrodynamic clockwork as claimed in claim 2 wherein said controllever means has a lower end portion to which said magnet means issecured; and wherein said lower end portion consists of a magnetizablematerial so that the flux of said magnet means closes in said lowermagnetiz'able end portion.

13. Electrodynamic clockwork as claimed in claim 2 wherein said magnetmeans includes two permanent magnets spaced from each other a distancecorresponding to the diameter of said winding means.

l i v y

1. Pendulum controlled electrodynamic clockwork, comprising housingmeans; first and second mounting means on said housing means; a pendulumincluding an upper part mounted on said first mounting means forswinging movement about a first axis, a lower part, and a joint meansconnecting said lower part with said upper part for angular movementabout a second axis transverse to said first axis; control lever meansmounted on said second mounting means for angular movement about a thirdaxis substantially coextensive with said first axis, in a first planeperpendicular to said third axis, and being shorter than said pendulum;coupling means connecting said control lever means with said lower partof said pendulum for swinging movement with said pendulum, and forangular movement of said lower part about said second axis relative tosaid control lever means into a vertical plane upon a displacement ofsaid housing means with said first and second mounting means, saidcontrol lever means, and said upper part; magnet means secured to saidcontrol lever means for swinging movement with the same along a pathlocated in a second plane parallel to said first plane; and windingmeans directly secured to said housing means and having a surfaceparallel to said first and second planes and uniformly spaced from saidpath so that said magnet means pass said winding means at a constantdistance during swinging movement of said control lever meansirrespective of angular movements of said lower part of said pendulumrelative to said control lever means about said second axis into avertical plane.
 2. Pendulum controlled electrodynamic clockworkcomprising housing means; first and second mounting means on saidhousing means; a pendulum including an upper part mounted on said firstmounting means for swinging movement about a first axis, a lower part,and joint means connecting said lower part with said upper part forangular movement about a second axis transverse to said first axis;control lever means mounted on said second mounting means for angularmovement about a third axis substantially coextensive with said firstaxis in a first plane perpendicular to said third axis, and beingshorter than said pendulum; means for adjusting said control lever meansin the direction of said third axis; coupling means connecting saidcontrol lever means with said lower part of said pendulum for swingingmovement with said pendulum, and for angular movement of said lower partabout said second axis relative to said control lever means into avertical plane upon a displacement of said housing means with said firstand second mounting means, said control lever means, and said upperpart; magnet means secured to said control lever means for swingingmovement with the same along a path located in a second plane parallelto said first plane; and winding means directly secured to said housingmeans and having a surface parallel to said first and second planes anduniformly spaced from said path so that said magnet means pass saidwinding means at a constant distance during swinging movement of saidcontrol lever means irrespective of angular movements of said lower partof said pendulum relative to said control lever means about said secondaxis into a vertical plane.
 3. Pendulum controlled electrodynamicclockwork, comprising housing means; first and second mounting means onsaid housing means said second mounting means including a shaft meansmounted in said housing means; a pendulum including an upper partmounted on said first mounting means for swinging movement about a firstaxis, a lower part, and joint means connecting said lower part with saidupper part for angular movement about a second axis transverse to saidfirst axis; control lever means mounted on said second mounting meanssecured to said shaft means for angular movement about a third axissubstantially coextensive with said first axis said second mountingmeans including a shaft means mounted in said housing means, and beingshorter than said pendulum; coupling means connecting said control levermeans with said lower part of said pendulum for swinging movement withsaid pendulum, and for angular movement of said lower part about saidsecond axis relative to said control lever means into a vertical planeupon a displacement of said housing means with said first and secondmounting means, said control lever means, and said upper part; springmeans abutting said shaft means for urging said shaft means in axialdirection until said shaft means abuts said housing means; magnet meanssecured to said control lever means for swinging movement with the samealong a path secured to said shaft means; and winding means directlysecured to said housing means spring means abutting said shaft means forurging said shaft means in axial direction until said shaft means abutssaid housing means; spaced from said path so that said magnet means passsaid winding means at a constant distance during swinging movement ofsaid control lever means irrespective of angular movements of said lowerpart of said pendulum relative to said control lever means about saidsecond axis into a vertical plane.
 4. Pendulum controlled electrodynamicclockwork, comprising housing means; first and second mounting means onsaid housing means, said second mounting means including a tensionedwire secured to said housing means, and a sleeve mounted on said wirefor turning movement; a pendulum including an upper part mounted on saidfirst mounting means for swinging movement about a first axis, a lowerpart, and joint means connecting said lower part with said upper partfor angular movement about a second axis transverse to said first axis;control lever means mounted on said second mounting means for angularmovement about a third axis substantially coextensive with said firstaxis in a first plane perpendicular to said third axis, and beingshorter than said pendulum, said control lever means being secured tosaid sleeve; coupling means connecting said control lever means withsaid lower part of said pendulum for swinging movement with saidpendulum, and for angular movement of said lower part about said secondaxis relative to said control lever means into a vertical plane upon adisplacement of said housing means with said first and second mountingmeans, said control lever means, and said upper part; magnet Meanssecured to said control lever means for swinging movement with the samealong a path located in a second plane parallel to said first plane; andwinding means directly secured to said housing means and having asurface parallel to said first and second planes and uniformly spacedfrom said path so that said magnet means pass said winding means at aconstant distance during swinging movement of said control lever meansirrespective of angular movements of said lower part of said pendulumrelative to said control lever means about said second axis into avertical plane.
 5. Electrodynamic clockwork as claimed in claim 2wherein said lower part of said pendulum projects downward out of saidhousing means; wherein the lower end of said control lever means islocated in said housing means; and wherein said magnet means is locatedin said housing means secured to said lower end of said control levermeans.
 6. Electrodynamic clockwork as claimed in claim 2 wherein saidwinding means include a thin driving coil, and a thick exciter coilcoaxial and adjacent with the same; and wherein said driving coil islocated adjacent said path of said magnet means.
 7. Electrodynamicclockwork as claimed in claim 2 wherein said winding means are locatedat the same side of said magnet means; and wherein said pendulum islocated on the other side of said magnet means.
 8. Electrodynamicclockwork as claimed in claim 2 wherein said control lever meansincludes a substantially horizontal arm; wherein said magnet means aresecured to said arm in said housing means; and wherein said windingmeans are located under said magnet means secured to said housing means.9. Electrodynamic clockwork as claimed in claim 2 wherein said magnetmeans include first and second magnets; wherein said control lever meansincludes a substantially horizontal arm supporting said first and secondmagnets spaced from each other for movement along two spaced paths; andwherein said winding means are supported in said housing means locatedbetween said first and second magnets and passed by said first andsecond magnets on opposite sides during movement of said first andsecond magnets along said paths.
 10. Electrodynamic clockwork as claimedin claim 2 wherein said connecting means include a fork projectingtransversely from said control lever means and having a slot narrowlyembracing said lower part of said pendulum means for permitting movementof said lower part to said vertical plane while motion is transmittedfrom said lower part to said control lever means through said fork. 11.Electrodynamic clockwork as claimed in claim 1 wherein said housingmeans has an open recess; wherein said winding means include a supportplate secured to said recess, and circuit means and windings mounted onsaid support plate and located in said housing means opposite said pathof said magnet means.
 12. Electrodynamic clockwork as claimed in claim 2wherein said control lever means has a lower end portion to which saidmagnet means is secured; and wherein said lower end portion consists ofa magnetizable material so that the flux of said magnet means closes insaid lower magnetizable end portion.
 13. Electrodynamic clockwork asclaimed in claim 2 wherein said magnet means includes two permanentmagnets spaced from each other a distance corresponding to the diameterof said winding means.